Researchers report 65 conflicts of national scope – involving at least one government actor – the highest number since data began being compiled in 1946. The report estimates that around 245,000 people died in conflicts in 2025, making the year one of the deadliest in recent decades.
“The world today is far more divided,” the researchers said, describing an “unprecedented” number of simultaneous wars, fueled by both protracted crises and new outbreaks of large-scale conflict. They cited as examples the escalation of the conflict in Ukraine, the Israeli war in Gaza and the civil war in Sudan.
An Israeli army self-propelled gun near the border with Gaza, southern Israel, in October 2023. Photo: Getty.
The number of conflicts between countries has doubled from the previous year, reaching a record eight incidents in 2025, including clashes between India and Pakistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan, and Cambodia and Thailand.
PRIO has identified 65 documented conflicts in 35 countries, some being involved in several wars simultaneously. For example, Israel is party to conflicts involving Gaza, Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Yemen, while Myanmar, Pakistan and Nigeria also face more than one armed conflict.
Africa is the region most affected by national conflicts, followed by Asia, the Middle East, the Americas and Europe. According to PRIO, more than 930,000 people have died in conflicts since 2021, a figure almost equivalent to the total number of deaths recorded over the previous two decades.
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