After the catastrophe of Chernobyl forty years ago, nuclear energy is once again part of the global energy debate. Amidst the revival, climate challenges, and geopolitical rivalries, the sector is undergoing a profound transformation driven by new players and technologies.
The explosion at reactor number 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant has left a lasting mark on the global energy history. Four decades later, nuclear power is entering a new phase marked by a revival. This momentum is fueled by two major factors: the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050 and the quest for energy sovereignty in a tense geopolitical context. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, there are around 440 reactors operating in about thirty countries today.
One key figure highlights its significance: nuclear power accounts for nearly 9% of global electricity. Behind these general figures, it is important to note that nuclear power is concentrated in a limited number of countries. The United States remains the leading civil nuclear power globally, followed by France. However, China has emerged as a driving force in the sector, currently building more reactors than the rest of the world combined. For Chinese authorities, nuclear power serves several purposes: reducing coal dependency, securing energy supply, and supporting growth.
This dynamic is also evident in India and the Middle East, especially in the United Arab Emirates, which have recently expanded their nuclear capacities. In Europe, the situation is more varied. Germany has opted to phase out nuclear power, while other countries like France are reviving their programs. With 56 reactors, France remains one of the most nuclear-dependent countries but is facing the challenge of an aging nuclear fleet.
Context: The article discusses the resurgence of nuclear energy globally, driven by climate goals and geopolitical factors.
Fact Check: The figures mentioned about the number of reactors and the percentage of global electricity generated by nuclear power are accurate as per the International Atomic Energy Agency data.
