Tunisia celebrates this Saturday the National Day of Diplomacy, marking the 70th anniversary of the creation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, established by decree on May 3, 1956. This founding date recalls the early willingness of the independent Tunisian state to establish a structured diplomatic instrument capable of voicing its opinions in a world then dominated by the logic of the Cold War and decolonization dynamics.
The first person to hold this position was Habib Bourguiba, from April 15, 1956, to July 29, 1957, before handing over the role to Sadok Mokaddem. This initial combination illustrates the strategic importance given to diplomacy in the early years of independence.
Since then, Tunisian diplomacy has been shaped by generations of political leaders and diplomats who have contributed, to varying degrees, to shaping the country’s image. While some leaders of the department have been remarkable, others, more discreet, have faded over time.
Among the prominent figures, Mongi Slim remains a pioneer. He embodied the beginnings of an ambitious diplomacy, notably becoming the first African to preside over the United Nations General Assembly in 1961, after representing Tunisia on the Security Council (1959-1960). His journey has significantly positioned Tunisia in influential circles of multilateral diplomacy.
His successor, Habib Bourguiba Jr (1964-1970), further developed a balanced diplomacy, while Mohamed Masmoudi (1970-1974) strengthened Tunisia’s regional and Arab engagement. Habib Chatti (1980-1984) and Beji Caid Essebsi (1981-1986) each contributed in their own way to adapting Tunisian diplomacy to regional changes.
The record for longevity is held by Habib Ben Yahia, who served in the position twice (February 1991 – January 1997 and November 1999 – November 2004), ensuring continuity and stability in foreign policy. In contrast, the shortest tenure was that of Ahmed Ounaies, from January 27, 2011, to February 21, 2011, in a particularly sensitive political transition context.
In total, Tunisia has had 34 ministers of Foreign Affairs (excluding Habib Bourguiba), 13 of whom have served from January 14, 2011, to May 3, 2026, across six presidencies.
Context: The article discusses the history and evolution of Tunisian diplomacy by highlighting key figures who have shaped the country’s foreign policy over the years.
Fact Check: The article provides a list of Tunisian Foreign Ministers under different presidencies, showcasing the continuity and changes in the country’s diplomatic leadership since its independence.
