Three years after its outbreak on 15 April 2023, the war is still raging in Sudan, characterized by extreme violence. On the ground, the regular Sudanese army and the paramilitaries of the Rapid Support Forces engage in bloody combat, often near residential areas where tens of thousands of civilians have been killed. According to the UN, their numbers more than doubled in 2025 compared to the previous year, partly due to the increasingly frequent use of drones targeting markets, hospitals, and roads. To provide a humanitarian response, a conference opened in Berlin on 15 April 2025, with Europe and the African Union among the participants pledging 1.3 billion euros in donations. The needs of the Sudanese population are immense, with an estimate that 30 million people – more than half of the population – require urgent humanitarian assistance.
An Impasse in Diplomacy
It appears that “the worst humanitarian crisis in the world,” as described by the UN, will worsen as international diplomacy seems incapable of paving the way for any peace prospects. Calls from various international actors for a halt to hostilities have fallen on deaf ears. The Regular Army of General Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan and the paramilitaries of General Mohamed Hamdan Dagolo intend to continue the fight. Each side believes they can still achieve military victory due to their social base and external support, including from the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, and Turkey, maintaining an extremely intense level of conflict.
Thirteen Million Displaced People
This war has forced thirteen million Sudanese into exile, with a million and a half seeking refuge in Egypt. Since the start of the armed conflict in Sudan, Egyptian authorities have regularly conducted strict identity checks on foreign individuals, including Sudanese. According to a recent report by Amnesty International, plainclothes officers have been arbitrarily arresting African nationals, including Sudanese, since the end of 2025. The NGO has called on the European Union to pressure Cairo to protect the rights of refugees and migrants.
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