In Ludhiana, a study conducted by agricultural scientists in Punjab has revealed that the traditional rice-wheat cropping cycle is harming soil health. The research, published in the Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, compared ten different cropping systems to assess their impact on soil fertility and structure. The study emphasized the importance of including legumes, fodder, and green manure in agricultural practices for sustainability in north-western India.
The dominant rice-wheat system, known for intensive tillage and puddling, has led to soil compaction, reduced porosity, and loss of organic carbon. In contrast, systems incorporating maize, basmati rice, cowpeas, mungbeans, and berseem showed improved Soil Quality Index values with benefits such as better soil structure, enhanced moisture retention, and improved water movement through the soil.
Lead researcher K B Singh highlighted that diversification not only benefits the soil but also helps farmers economically by growing fodders for dairy farms. The study advocates for an integrated farming system that includes green manuring, leguminous plants, horticulture, and dairy to create a self-sufficient and resilient farm ecosystem.
